A practical reliability assessment approach and its application for pile-stabilized slopes using FORM and support vector machine

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Many uncertainties exist in pile-stabilized slopes which make their design substantially complicated. In this paper, a first-order reliability...     

Comparative study of EICP treatment methods on the mechanical properties of sandy soil

This study analyzed the effect of different treatment methods in enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) on the mechanical properties of soil. Soybean crude urease was used to catalyze the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). A multiple-phase method was proposed and further compared with commonly practiced EICP treatment methods (including the one-phase method, two-phase method, and premix-and-compact method) from the aspects of chemical conversion efficiency, CaCO₃ precipitation distribution, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength. Based on the findings, the characteristics of each method were further discussed and summarized. Although the enzymatic CaCO₃ precipitation generated from all the treatment methods could potentiate the soil strength to a great or less degree, using the proposed multiple-phase method could bring about a high chemical conversion efficiency, uniform distribution of CaCO₃ as well as preferable permeability retention. In addition, the multiple-phase method could significantly improve the efficiency of urease usage.     

强风化砂岩边坡锚筋桩布置方式及支护作用研究

强风化顺层砂岩边坡具有节理裂隙发育、强度低的特征,导致开挖过程中出现边坡稳定问题。单纯的锚杆锚索支护无法满足边坡稳定性需求,在现场抗滑桩施工困难的情况下,选用经济、高效、施工便利的锚筋桩结合锚杆锚索对强风化顺层砂岩边坡进行支护。针对强风化砂岩破碎且强度低的特性,考虑高压注浆的劈裂作用,通过FLAC 3D数值模拟进行方案比选,得到适用于强风化砂岩边坡的锚筋桩多角度交叉布置方案。根据试验段边坡锚筋桩监测数据,分析强风化顺层砂岩边坡锚筋桩作用机理,验证了多角度交叉布置锚筋桩对强风化顺层砂岩边坡的加固效果。     

基于修正关口-太田模型的归一化#br# 变形量开挖边坡失稳判据

由于普通土体本构模型不能反应土体初始应力状态及开挖应力路径,在进行有限元计算时得到的特征点位移也会与工程实际有偏差。选用可以对开挖前边坡土体的初始K0应力状态以及开挖应力路径进行合理描述的修正关口太田模型,对开挖边坡进行有限元计算。根据位移突变判据,采用单因素敏感性分析,对54例简单边坡进行有限元计算,得出与边坡位移量呈正、负关联的基本参量。利用灰色关联分析方法,首次同时考虑了土坡几何参数、物理参数、本构模型等基本参数,将边坡的变形量进行归一化处理,构建以变形量为基础的归一化失稳判据Fu及警戒位移值U′1,从而可以通过实时监控边坡位移及时给出滑坡体的安全性评价。     

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固有机质黏土的试验研究

利用尿素水解菌ATCC 11859,开展了不同胶结液浓度下MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土的研究试验。通过试验前后试样的无侧限抗压强度、CaCO_3含量、渗透系数、有机质含量以及灌浆过程中流出液Ca~(2+)与NH_4~+浓度的变化,综合评价了MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土的效果。结果表明:MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土是有效的,处理后试样有机质含量可降低1%～4%,无侧限抗压强度提高可达370%,渗透系数可降低约1个数量级;在本试验的菌液活性(即每分钟水解尿素的量为9.68毫摩尔每升)及浓度(约108 cell/mL)下,胶结液浓度对处理效果有明显影响,提高0.25M胶结液中的urea浓度,可显著提高处理后土体的无侧限抗压强度。     

不同掺砾量下砾石土抗拉强度试验研究

砾石土的抗拉强度是土心墙堆石坝抵抗拉裂破坏的重要指标之一。基于自主研制的单向拉伸试验模具,对不同掺砾量下的砾石土进行了系列的单向拉伸试验。在此基础上得到了以下结论:在本文的试验参数范围内,砾石土的抗拉强度随着含水率的增大而减小,随着干密度的增大而增大;分别给出了各掺砾量下土样抗拉强度与其最优含水率及最大干密度的关系表达式;对于处于各自最优含水率和最大干密度下的砾石土,掺砾量从0%增加到50%时,试样的抗拉强度从122.6 kPa减小到了49.8 kPa,且两者呈线性递减关系;试样的峰值拉应变和极限拉应变均随着掺砾量的增加而线性递减;对不同掺砾量土样的断裂能分析发现,随着掺砾量的增加,土样的抗拉能力不断减弱;在略高于最优含水率及处于最大干密度时砾石土试样的综合抗拉能力最强。相关试验成果可为实际土石坝心墙抗裂设计提供参照。     

Macro-meso effects of gradation and particle morphology on the compressibility characteristics of calcareous sand

In order to fully develop the South China Sea, a large number of reclamation projects using calcareous sand have been carried out in this area recently. A deep understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of calcareous sand is of critical importance. Therefore, the calcareous sand near a certain reef of the South China Sea is used in this study to investigate the effect of three-dimensional (3-D) particle morphology and gradation on the compressibility characteristics of calcareous sand. This paper proposes a 3-D mesoscope observation method to obtain the average 3-D angularity parameter S _d and 3-D aspect ratio T _d of calcareous sand with different particle sizes. It is found that the morphology of coarse particles (diameter: 5 ~ 1 mm) is significantly multi-angular, while the morphologies of middle particles (1 ~ 0.25 mm) are mostly dendritic and schistic. Compared to the 3-D S _d of quartz sand, the calcareous sand’s particle morphology is much more irregular and multi-angular, which makes it easy for the calcareous sand to form large pores and, thus, be more compressible. In order to systematically study the effect of gradation on the calcareous sand’s compressibility characteristics, a number of compression tests on calcareous sand with different gradations are taken. The influential mechanism is then discussed by analyzing the test results from a mesoscopic viewpoint. It is found that changing the coarse fraction content is the most efficient way to reduce the compressibility of the calcareous sand. That is because of the coarse fraction’s high angularity, which makes the skeleton-bearing capacity of the calcareous sand sensitive to the change of coarse fraction content. An empirical formula is proposed to evaluate the compressibility of the calcareous sand with different coarse fraction contents.